Hard systems are everything we’re using right now – computers, phones, planes, the clothes you’re wearing, the room you’re in. Everything there involves 100% use of technology and expertise to make it, and nothing we make – including space exploration vehicles and so on – is complex. Everything we make is complicated. Nothing is self-renewing.
I started with CB radio, ham radio, and eventually went into computers. And I was just fascinated with it. And back then, when I was in school, computer hacking was encouraged. It was an encouraged activity. In fact, I remember one of the projects my teacher gave me was writing a log-in simulator.
We’ve got to be delivering young people, and people that are getting reeducated, people who are getting reemployed, into the marketplace with skills to work together, to understand computers, and to be able to be a part of that 21st century economy.
We’re seeing an enormous amount of global upward mobility that’s quite rapid and quite sudden, and undiscovered individuals have a chance – using the Internet, using computers – to prove themselves very quickly. So I think the mobility story will be a quite complicated one.
When humans team up with computers to play chess, the humans who do best are not necessarily the strongest players. They’re the ones who are modest and who know when to listen to the computer. Often, what the human adds is knowledge of when the computer needs to look more deeply.
There’s so much free material on the Internet you can learn from, and some people are pure self-starters: they pick up computers and teach themselves everything. Certainly there are millions of people like that. But at the same time, I think it’s a pretty small percentage of the population.
In chess, computers show that what we call ‘strategy’ is reducible to tactics, ultimately. It only looks creative to us. They are still just glorified cash registers. This should make us feel uncomfortable, whether or not we think computers will ever be good composers of music or artistic painters.
Fungible goods in economics can be extended and traded. So, half as much grain is half as much useful, but half a baby or half a computer is less useful than a whole baby or a whole computer, and we’ve been trying to make computers that work that way.
Our computers double in capability on time scales of only a few years. It’s hardly outrageous to believe that we will successfully develop thinking machines within a handful of decades, or at most a century or two. If that happens, these artificial sentients will quickly leave us behind.
Some things, like the orbits of the planets, can be calculated far into the future. But that’s atypical. In most contexts, there is a limit. Even the most fine-grained computation can only forecast British weather a few days ahead. There are limits to what can ever be learned about the future, however powerful computers become.
I started on computers with ‘Billy Bathgate,’ a little orange screen with black letters. I thought it was really cool, but it actually slowed me up for a while because it’s so easy to revise, I tended to stay on the same page. I’ve learned to discipline myself.
I am not a great fan of computers. I do watch videos and analyse which batsman is playing how. Batsmen can play different shots on different days. A batsman may not play cover drives well, but if he connects with two such shots, he starts playing the drive well on that day.
As smartphones have allowed us to have our computers, emails, social media feeds, and a full surveillance system in our pockets at all times, stories of the law enforcement’s unease with that have been popping up in the press. And of course, the ones that become viral videos aren’t exactly flattering for law enforcement.
I’m not really a knob-twiddler. I always work with an engineer; I’m not super hands-on when it comes to mixing boards and computers. I’m much more about what I’m hearing and what it needs to be like. I deal with songs and ideas and instruments.
When I was 8 or 9, I started using bulletin board systems, which was the precursor to the Internet, where you’d dial into… a shared system and shared computers. I’ve had an email address since the late ‘80s, when I was 8 or 9 years old, and then I got on the Internet in ’93 when it was first starting out.
We think we’re saving time with microwaves, cell phones, beepers, computers and voice mail, but often these things help us create the illusion of getting somewhere – and they foster a chain of constant activity. We’re really just squeezing extra activity into every minute that we gain.
I always have traveled with a camera throughout my life, but I always had my old 35mm film camera. When I was training to go into space, the only equipment there was a digital camera. I went through a fast-track class on Earth. It actually was fun, though I’m basically a dinosaur with computers.
The U.S. government doesn’t build your computers, nor do you fly aboard a U.S. government owned and operated airline. Private industry routinely takes technologies pioneered by the government and turns them into cheap, reliable and robust industries. This has happened in aviation, air mail, computers, and the Internet.
I was writing my Ph.D. in the late 1980s and was keeping an eye on what was happening in the world. It became obvious to me that Russia couldn’t live without computers. I think I worked this out a year before anyone else. I started looking for people who could help import them.
We’re leading a fundamental shift from centralized energy to distributed energy. Energy will go in that direction, just like mainframe computers went to client servers, then to the Internet. I believe in solar, and the macro trends are just too undeniable.
I think there is an awful lot of technology for technology’s sake. I have yet to be convinced by my husband that persuading our mobiles to talk to our computers is going to be quicker and more straightforward than scribbling a note in our kitchen diary.
‘Bloomberg’s, you know, for people who don’t use the service, provides through the Internet – through specialized computers – information about the financial world. It’s a very large data base. I think they have on the order of a billion dollars or more a year in revenue.
Without computers, in the 17th century, we could classify the entire animal kingdom… there was this idea of the speciation, right? And now, all a search engine is is essentially the mathematical speciation of ideas – and these things really derive from the way that language is used and the way words relate.
There’s an evolution from, today we tell computers to do stuff for us, to where computers can actually do stuff for us. For example, if I go and pick up my kids, it would be good for my car to be aware that my kids have entered the car and change the music to something that’s appropriate for them.
I look at my son and his relationship to technology, and I think back to when I was six and how wildly different the world is in that regard. I see him using an iPhone and all this stuff, and then I think back to when I was six. We didn’t even have computers in our houses at all yet. This is a huge gap between our experiences as children.
